AccScience Publishing / EER / Online First / DOI: 10.36922/EER025480083
PERSPECTIVE ARTICLE

Ecological uplift through agrivoltaics: A new framework for sustainable energy and agriculture integration

Jason A. Hubbart1,2* Kirsten Stephan3
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1 Division for Land-Grant Engagement, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, Davis College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
2 West Virginia Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
3 School of Natural Resources and the Environment, Davis College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
Received: 30 November 2025 | Revised: 9 February 2026 | Accepted: 23 April 2026 | Published online: 8 May 2026
© 2026 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
Abstract

Ecological uplift is a quantified improvement in ecosystem condition (structure, function, and associated services) relative to baseline (pre-existing) conditions over a defined time horizon following a land-use intervention. Agrivoltaics (AV) is a dual-use strategy that integrates photovoltaic energy generation with agricultural land uses and is increasingly promoted for environmental and working-land benefits. Recent literature indicates AV can improve outcomes such as soil moisture retention, infiltration, soil carbon, pollinator habitat, and water-use efficiency relative to conventional agriculture or conventional ground-mounted photovoltaic vegetation management, although performance varies by design and context. A persistent gap is the lack of standardized, transparent evaluation methods that distinguish between realized and assumed benefits. This article frames ecological uplift as a rigorous evaluative construct for AV and introduces the Agrivoltaic Ecological Uplift Index as a metrics-based reporting scaffold across five outcome domains to support consistent monitoring, comparison, and decision-making.

Keywords
Agrivoltaics
Ecological uplift
Photovoltaics
Sustainable land use
Soil health
Hydrologic function
Biodiversity
Land-use efficiency
Funding
This work was supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture McIntire-Stennis (accession number 7003934) and the West Virginia Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station. The Agriculture and Food Research Initiative supported a portion of this research under grant no. 2020-68012-31881 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. The results presented may not reflect the sponsors’ views, and no official endorsement should be inferred. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, the decision to publish, or the preparation of the manuscript.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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