AccScience Publishing / EJMO / Online First / DOI: 10.36922/ejmo.6637
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE

Investigating the dietary links to pancreatic cancer: A case–control study on dairy, meat, and egg consumption

Sabika Allehdan1 ,  Mohammed O. Ibrahim2 ,  Narmeen Al-Awwad3 ,  Aya Hamdan4 ,  Tareq Al-Jaberi5 ,  Ahmad F. Hushki6 ,  Yaser Rayyan7 ,  Reema F. Tayyem4*
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1 Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Zallaq, Sakhir, Bahrain
2 Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Mu’tah University, Mu’tah, Karak, Jordan
3 Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
4 Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences University, Doha, Qatar
5 Department of General and Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine University of Science and Technology, Al Ramtha, Irbid, Jordan
6 Gastroenterology Division, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
7 Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
EJMO, 6637 https://doi.org/10.36922/ejmo.6637
Received: 28 November 2024 | Revised: 6 January 2025 | Accepted: 13 January 2025 | Published online: 27 February 2025
© 2025 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution -Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC-by the license) ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Research has demonstrated that the intake of specific foods and nutrients is linked to the risk of pancreatic cancer, but the role of meat and dairy consumption in pancreatic carcinogenesis remains controversial. The main objective of this study is to investigate the association between the intake of dairy products and meats and the risk of pancreatic cancer. A case–control study was conducted between March 2015 and August 2018 at four main hospitals in Jordan; one of the hospitals was an oncology center. Participants in the study included 101 histologically confirmed pancreatic cancer patients, which were frequency-matched with 314 controls. The required information for this study was gathered through questionnaires based on face-to-face interviews. An Arabic food-frequency questionnaire that has been validated was used to collect data on the intake of different food items from dairy and meat groups. Multinomial logistic regression was employed to determine odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs), considering potential confounders. The consumption of different levels and frequencies of yogurt, white cheese, processed cheese, red meats, and chicken was observed to increase the risk of pancreatic cancer. The adjusted OR indicated that the risk of pancreatic cancer was positively related to a daily intake of yogurt (OR: 2.88 [95%CI: 1.40 – 5.91; p = 0.001]), cooked lamb meat (OR: 2.50 [95%CI: 1.30 – 4.84; p = 0.002]), and cooked veal meat (OR: 1.72 [95%CI: 1.11 – 3.77; p = 0.011]). Furthermore, daily and weekly consumption of white cheese, processed cheese, and cooked chicken may be associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer. According to the study’s findings, the consumption of yogurt, white cheese, processed cheese, red meat, and chicken was linked to a higher risk of developing pancreatic cancer.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Case–control study
Pancreatic cancer
Dairy products
Meats
Eggs
Funding
The authors wish to extend their gratitude to the Hashemite University for funding this research project. In addition, the authors appreciate the open-access funding offered by the Qatar National Library for this article.
Conflict of interest
The authors state that there are no conflicts of interest.
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Eurasian Journal of Medicine and Oncology, Electronic ISSN: 2587-196X Print ISSN: 2587-2400, Published by AccScience Publishing
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